Abstract: Cancer therapy with accelerated proton or heavy ion beam is the most advanced radiotherapy technology, which is recognized by the international community at present. It is of great practical significance to study the medical proton and heavy ion accelerators and the radiotherapy technology, in order to promote the development of the advanced medical radiotherapy equipments and improve the quality of life of cancer patients in China. After a brief overview of cancer therapy with proton and heavy ion beam, this paper summarized and analyzed the application status of medical proton accelerators and medical heavy ion accelerators at home and abroad, and finally put forward the future development trends of medical proton and heavy ion accelerators and the radiotherapy technology, it can provide a reference for the progress and development strategies of the advanced radiotherapy equipments in China.