Abstract: The global prevalence of diabetes continues to rise. As a core component of diabetes management, technological innovation in blood glucose monitoring plays a critical role. Traditional fingertip blood sampling monitoring has obvious limitations and cannot fully reflect dynamic glucose changes. In contrast, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has driven the transformation of diabetes blood glucose management from intermittent spot detection to continuous dynamic monitoring and intelligent intervention, serving as an important technical support for the full-cycle management of diabetes. This paper systematically reviews the research status of CGM-IoT technology. Three major technical approaches have been established for core sensors, including implantable electrochemical monitoring, non-invasive monitoring, and flexible wearable monitoring, while virtual CGM technology has further expanded its application boundaries. Integrated continuous glucose monitoring (iCGM) systems improve clinical adaptability through standardized design and multidisciplinary collaboration. The in-depth integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has driven the transformation of blood glucose monitoring toward intelligent decision-making, with various deep learning models achieving continuous improvements in prediction accuracy and scenario adaptability. Meanwhile, the clinical translation and large-scale application of CGM-IoT technology face multiple key challenges, including insufficient long-term stability of sensors, the lack of unified standards for the clinical certification of AI algorithms, high equipment costs, and imperfect mechanisms for data privacy protection and data sharing. In the future, CGM-IoT technology will continue to evolve in three key directions: innovation of sensing technology, paradigm shift in clinical application, and industrial ecosystem development. This study will provide a useful reference for the translational research and clinical application of CGM-IoT technology.