Abstract: Blockchain technology, with its characteristics of decentralization, immutability, traceability and high transparency, provides new ideas for the innovative development of the medical engineering field. As a key support for ensuring the quality, safety and efficiency of medical care, the medical engineering field is currently facing multiple challenges such as complex medical equipment management, severe data silos, opaque supply chains and prominent information security risks. This paper systematically summarizes the research status and development trends of blockchain in the medical engineering field. Firstly, it elaborates on the basic principles of blockchain technology and its high compatibility with the demands of medical engineering. Secondly, it focuses on three core dimensions: the full life cycle management of medical equipment, the security and sharing of medical equipment data, and the management of medical equipment and consumables supply chains, to deeply analyze the main application scenarios, key technologies and existing research progress of blockchain. Further, this paper discusses the typical architecture of medical engineering application systems based on blockchain and integrates and analyzes the empirical data of key performance indicators in existing research. On this basis, this paper systematically summarizes the multi-dimensional challenges faced by the application of blockchain technology in the medical engineering field, including technical, regulatory, cost and organizational aspects, and conducts a comprehensive assessment of its feasibility. Finally, it looks forward to the future research directions in this field.