Abstract: With the widespread application of 3D printing technology in the field of orthopedic implants, 3D-printed interbody fusion cages have attracted increasing attention. This article systematically reviews recent research progress from two main aspects: materials and manufacturing processes, as well as structural design. Titanium alloys and polyetheretherketone are the most widely used materials, while novel composite and biodegradable materials have further expanded the diversity of applications. In the future, optimization of material properties and improvements in manufacturing processes will be needed to achieve better clinical outcomes. 3D printing technology has promoted the diversification of fusion cage structural design, showing a trend toward “de-solidification.” However, the optimal design parameters for porous structures still require further research to balance mechanical properties and osseointegration requirements.