Abstract: The overall treatment process of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis encompasses diagnosis, detection, treatment, and prevention. With the advancement of technology and in-depth clinical research, significant progress has been made in various aspects, from the improvement of both traditional Chinese and Western medical treatment methods to the realization of precise surgery through modern artificial intelligence and bio-material technology updates, and to the more accurate prediction of risks through risk models, optimized observation risk assessment methods, and genetic testing. This article systematically summarizes the etiological formation mechanism of adolescent scoliosis and the latest surgical and non-surgical methods, and reviews the cutting-edge prediction, prevention, and treatment methods of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis as well as the development of precision medicine, providing assistance for medical researchers and clinical decision-making.