Abstract: Recombinant collagen has emerged as a core material for medical device innovation due to its programmable molecular structure, excellent biocompatibility, and scalable production capabilities. This article reviews the application value of recombinant collagen in medical device applications, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound repair. By combining molecular design strategies with innovative preparation processes, the intrinsic relationship between material properties and clinical efficacy is elucidated. The review explores bottlenecks in clinical translation and highlights emerging trends, such as AI-driven design for predicting material performance via machine learning and 3D bioprinting technology for promoting the regeneration of complex organs. These advancements demonstrate the multi-dimensional potential of recombinant collagen, driving its efficient translation from laboratory research to clinical applications.